Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775)

Thumbprint emperor

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Lethrinidae \| Lethrininae
Synonyms	Sciaena harak, Lethrinus azureus, Lethrinus bleekeri, ... more
Common names	Empereur Saint Pierre, Emperador San Pedro, Thumb-print emperor, ... more

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Image of Lethrinus harak (Thumbprint emperor)

Picture by Field, R.

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen. 1989. (Ref. 2295)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2295); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 2293)

Environment

Reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 20 m (Ref. 9710)

Climate / Range

Tropical; 32°N - 22°S

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to northeastern Australia.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Mouth slightly protractile; lips thick and fleshy. Inner base of pectorals densely covered with scales. Color is olive-green dorsally, paler ventrally; scales on back sometimes with white center. A large elliptical blotch, often broadly edged in yellow, on side directly below lateral line and centered at a vertical near the posterior tip of the pectoral fin. Sometimes light blue dots border the lower rime of the eye and around the nostrils. The pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins are white to pinkish. The caudal fin is orange or reddish. The vertical fins are sometimes lightly mottled or stripped.

Found solitary or in small schools over shallow sandy, coral rubble, mangroves, lagoons, channel and seagrass areas inshore and adjacent to coral reefs. Feeds on polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms and small fish. Reported to spawn throughout the year during the first five days of the lunar month in large aggregations in Palau. Marketed fresh (Ref. 171); flesh spoils rapidly (Ref. 4369).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)

PD₅₀ = 0.5000

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.45-0.49; tmax=15)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100)	Very high

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Garilao, Cristina V.

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